Prostate cancer in dogs: comparative and clinical aspects     

Leroy BE  Northrup N 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,180(2):149-162

The canine prostate gland shares many morphological and functional similarities with the human prostate and dogs are the only other large mammals that commonly develop spontaneous prostate cancer. However, the incidence of prostate cancer is much lower in dogs and the precise cell of origin is not known. Dogs with prostate cancer usually present with advanced disease that does not respond to androgen deprivation therapy. Similar to humans, affected dogs often develop osteoblastic bone metastases in the pelvis and/or lumbar spine with associated pain and neurological deficits. Other clinical signs include weight loss, lethargy, and abnormal urination and/or defecation. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have been used to treat dogs with prostate cancer, but success has been limited by the location and aggressive nature of the disease. It is evident that better methods of early detection and more effective therapies are needed for prostate cancer in dogs and advanced prostate carcinoma in men. Dogs with naturally-occurring prostate cancer are relevant models for the disease in humans and pre-clinical studies of new diagnostics and therapies in dogs may benefit both humans and dogs with prostate cancer.  相似文献   

Unitary control in quantum ensembles: maximizing signal intensity in coherent spectroscopy     

SJ Glaser  T Schulte-Herbruggen  M Sieveking  O Schedletzky  NC Nielsen  OW Sorensen  C Griesinger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5362):421-424

Experiments in coherent magnetic resonance, microwave, and optical spectroscopy control quantum-mechanical ensembles by guiding them from initial states toward target states by unitary transformation. Often, the coherences detected as signals are represented by a non-Hermitian operator. Hence, spectroscopic experiments, such as those used in nuclear magnetic resonance, correspond to unitary transformations between operators that in general are not Hermitian. A gradient-based systematic procedure for optimizing these transformations is described that finds the largest projection of a transformed initial operator onto the target operator and, thus, the maximum spectroscopic signal. This method can also be used in applied mathematics and control theory.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEW     

NC Whelan 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(7):410-410

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Fibrosarcoma adjacent to the site of microchip implantation in a cat     

Daly MK  Saba CF  Crochik SS  Howerth EW  Kosarek CE  Cornell KK  Roberts RE  Northrup NC 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2008,10(2):202-205

A 14-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with an interscapular mass. A computed tomography scan, biopsy, and histological examination revealed a fibrosarcoma adjacent to a pet identification microchip. Because the cat was previously vaccinated at this site, it is not possible to establish definitive causation of the fibrosarcoma, but this is the first report of a tumor in the vicinity of a microchip in a cat. Microchip-associated tumors have been reported in rodents and dogs. Veterinarians should be aware that because inflammation may predispose felines to tumor formation, separation and observation of vaccination and implantation sites are indicated. Adherence to American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) vaccination guidelines and monitoring of microchip implantation sites are recommended.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic imaging of the temporomandibular joint in healthy cattle and pathological findings in one clinical case     

NC Borges  GE Weissengruber  J Huber 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(6):330-336

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Engineering controls in veterinary oncology: A survey of 148 ACVIM board‐certified oncologists and environmental surveillance in 20 specialty hospitals          下载免费PDF全文

K. Alexander  N. Northrup  D. Clarke  H. Lindell  T. Laver 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2018,16(3):385-391

Engineering controls (EC, facility and equipment barriers between hazards and people) are used to avoid exposure to chemotherapy drugs. In this study, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine board‐certified veterinary oncologists were surveyed about their use of containment primary EC (C‐PEC) and supplemental EC (closed system transfer devices, CSTD). The survey was completed by 148 (38%) of practicing diplomates. All used EC. Both C‐PEC and CSTD were used at 92% of hospitals; however, US Pharmacopoeial Convention Chapter <800> (USP <800>) standards were met at only 19% of hospitals and oncologists did not know the type of C‐PEC at 18% of hospitals. Next, surface contamination and EC use were assessed with environmental surveillance for carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine in 20 veterinary specialty hospitals using a commercially available kit. No contamination with carboplatin, doxorubicin, or vincristine was detected, however, there was contamination with cyclophosphamide at 4 hospitals. Based on this study, most veterinary oncologists use C‐PEC and CSTD, but few meet USP <800> standards. Current measures appear effective for preventing contamination with IV drugs, but additional measures are needed for oral drugs.  相似文献   

Mechlorethamine, procarbazine and prednisone for the treatment of resistant lymphoma in dogs     

N. C. Northrup  T. L. Gieger  C. E. Kosarek  C. F. Saba  B. E. LeRoy  T. M. Wall  K. R. Hume  M. O. Childress  D. A. Keys 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2009,7(1):38-45

Forty-one dogs with resistant lymphoma were treated with a modified MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone) protocol (MPP [mechlorethamine, procarbazine and prednisone] administered on a 21-day cycle, shortened from the 28-day MOPP cycle). The overall response rate to MPP was 34% for a median of 56 days (95% confidence interval 30–238). Seventeen percent of dogs had a complete response for a median duration of 238 days, 17% had a partial response for a median of 56 days and 32% had stable disease for a median of 24 days. Histological grade or cell morphology on cytology was associated with response. Minimal toxicity was observed with the MPP protocol, suggesting that further dose intensification or addition of another chemotherapeutic agent would be possible.  相似文献   

Severity and persistence of footrot in Merino sheep experimentally infected with a protease thermostable strain of Dichelobacter nodosus at five sites     

LJ DEPIAZZI  WD ROBERTS  CD HAWKINS  MA PALMER  DR PITMAN  NC MCQUADE  PD JELINEK  DJ DEVEREAUX  RJ RIPPON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(1):32-38

Objective To test the hypothesis that ovine footrot associated with a thermostable protease strain of Dichelobacter nodosus undergoes self cure or is sustained as an annually recurring disease, depending on the environment.
Design and procedure Forty Merino sheep from a single blood line were infected with a protease thermostable strain of D nodosus a t each of five sites in Western Australia. Footrot lesions and microscopic evidence of D nodosus were recorded every fortnight for 2.5 years, supplemented by laboratory culture. Rainfall, soil and air temperature, pasture quantity and composition and soil types were also recorded. Flocks that apparently self cured were relocated to a more favourable site for footrot in the final spring season.
Results The maximum prevalence of feet with clinical footrot lesions was 80.6, 1.3, 14.4, 3.8 and 88.1% at the five sites. Severe footrot occurred for three consecutive spring seasons at one site that had clay loam soil and at least 3500 kg/ha total pasture dry matter annually. However, the infection was asymptomatic for up to 10 weeks between outbreaks. D nodosus was isolated from flocks for 2.5 years at only two sites, although there was microscopic evidence of the organism at other sites in the final year. A thermolabile variant (strain U6) of D nodosus was isolated from the two sites where footrot persisted.
Conclusion Depending on time and location, ovine footrot induced by a protease thermostable strain of D nodosus either self cured or persisted as annual outbreaks interspersed with periods of asymptomatic infection.  相似文献   

Erythrophagocytic multiple myeloma in a cat     

Webb J  Chary P  Northrup N  Almy F 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(3):302-307

A 7-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of Georgia for further evaluation of a suspected osteolytic lesion of the left 10th rib. Results of a CBC and biochemistry profile revealed mild nonregenerative anemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, and hypercalcemia. Serum protein electrophoresis was consistent with a monoclonal gammopathy. Marked proteinuria with an increased urine protein to creatinine ratio was found. Cytologic examination of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow revealed numerous plasma cells, many of which were erythrophagocytic. Within the bone marrow, the plasma cells contained phagocytosed metarubricytes in addition to phagocytosed erythrocytes. A diagnosis of erythrophagocytic multiple myeloma was made and treatment with prednisone and melphalan was begun. Four weeks after presentation, the cat was euthanized due to clinical deterioration. A complete necropsy was performed. The distal one-third of the left 10th rib was completely absent. Histologically, there was no evidence for osteolysis or neoplastic cells in the remaining portion of the rib. However, large sheets of plasma cells were found infiltrating the spleen and bone marrow. Moderate erythrophagocytosis by the plasma cells was observed in both organs. The plasma cells, including the erythrophagocytic cells, were positive for CD79alpha by immunohistochemical staining. Erythrophagocytosis by plasma cells as a cause of anemia is uncommon in people with multiple myeloma and is rare in animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of erythrophagocytic plasma cells in a cat with multiple myeloma.  相似文献   

Causes of death in sheep exported live by sea     

RB RICHARDS  RT NORRIS  RH DUNLOP  NC McQUADE 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(2):33-38

Post-mortem examinations were conducted on 950 dead and terminally ill sheep during assembly for export and during transport by sea from Fremantle, Western Australia to various Middle East ports. Causes of death were grouped into 5 major categories; inanition (deaths associated with reduced feed intake, including hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia), salmonellosis (enteric and septicaemic), trauma, diseases associated with excessive feed intake (lactic acidosis and enterotoxaemia) and miscellaneous diseases (mostly of farm origin). During assembly the causes of death were salmonellosis 53.4%, miscellaneous diseases 23.8%, trauma 12.6%, inanition 10.2%, acidosis 3.9%, enterotoxaemia 3.4% and no diagnosis was made in 3.4%. During shipping the causes of death in defined populations of sheep in 5 voyages were; inanition 43.4%, salmonellosis 20.2%, trauma 10.6%, miscellaneous diseases 5.9%, enterotoxaemia 1.0% and no diagnosis was made in 19.0%. The range of mortality rates per 10,000 sheep at risk for the first 11 days at sea in 5 voyages were inanition 52.6 to 76.7, salmonellosis 7.8 to 109.8, trauma 2.1 to 17.1, miscellaneous diseases 5.9 to 17.1 and enterotoxaemia nil to 10.3.  相似文献